Highly stabilized and lowly polarized Li anodes using a hybrid surface film with inner Li-Zn nucleation sites and outer LiF-rich protection texture

Lithium (Li) metal is the most promising anode for improving energy density of currently commercialized Li-ion batteries. However, its practical application limited due to high reactivity electrolytes, which induces severe electrolyte decomposition and Li-dendrite growth. Interphases are usually constructed on Li address above issue. Meanwhile, it a big challenge balance stability plating/stripping overpotential anode. In this work, we report novel strategy constructing highly stable lowly polarized surface film A chemically structurally unique formed by simply dropping zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate [Zn(OTF)2] fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-containing solution onto This consists inner nucleation sites outer protection textures, mainly containing Li-Zn alloy LiF/polymer, respectively. The former results from preferential reduction Zn(OTF)2, providing with low polarization plating/stripping. contrast, latter arises subsequent FEC, underneath ensuring such exhibits excellent cycling overpotentials, have been demonstrated using Li//Li symmetric Li//LiFePO4 full cells.